Moderation is Key

The key to reaping the health benefits of red wine seems to be moderate consumption. Drinking one glass a day for women and up to two glasses a day for men may decrease the risk of heart disease, cancer and stroke. Excessive or binge drinking, however, doesn't produce the same benefits. In other words, when it comes to red wine: more is not better.

Healing Powers of Antioxidants

The compounds found in red wine that are responsible for its healing powers are antioxidants. Red wines contain several antioxidants beneficial to good health. Different antioxidants have different functions, but the key feature of all these antioxidants appears to be one of protection and prevention of disease.

What is Moderation?

In the US, drinking in moderation means one glass for women, and one to two glasses for men.

The definition of moderation is different in the United Kingdom and European Union, however. The "sensible limits" in the UK and EU are two to three glasses of red wine per day for women and three to four glasses for men.

The French Paradox

The French seem to know something about the health benefits of red wine. In a study that compared French and German red wines, the French red wines delivered a greater health benefit due to their higher level of antioxidants. This may partially account for the "French paradox," where studies show that in areas of France where the diet is high in fat those who drink red wine with meals have a lower incidence of heart attack than other parts of the world. Due to vast differences in diets, the evidence is inconclusive, but experts believe that red wine contains certain compounds that help protect the heart. This has opened the door for other researchers to study the components in red wine that may be responsible for its health benefits.

Health Benefits of Red Wines:

One to Two Glasses a Day

Plato may have been wiser than he knew when he said, "Nothing more excellent or valuable than wine was ever granted by the Gods to man." Those of us who have come to enjoy the variety and tastes that wine have to offer can now look to red wines for greater health benefits. Recent studies show that drinking one glass of red wine every day may have certain health benefits. Research indicates that moderate red wine consumption may help protect against certain cancers and heart disease, and can have a positive effect on cholesterol levels and blood pressure.

Red Wines Have a Positive Effect on Health

References:
Clement, M.V., Hipara, J. L., Chawdhury S. H., Pervaiz, S. (1998, August 1) Chemopreventive agent resveratrol, a natural product derived from grapes, triggers CD95 signaling-dependent apoptosis in human tumor cells. Blood, 92(3), 996-1002.

Cos, P., De Bruyne, T., Apers, S., Vanden Berghe, D., Pieters, L., Vlietinck, A. J. (2003) Phytoestrogens: Recent developments. Planta Medica, 69, 589-599.

Goldberg, I. J., Mosca, L., Piano, M. R., Fisher, E. A. (2001, January 23). Wine and your heart [electronic version]. Circulation, 103(3), 472-475. Retrieved September 20, 2003, from circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/103/3/472.

Kris-Etherton, P., Hecker, K. D., Bonanome, A., Coval, S. M., Binkoski, A. E., Hilpert, K. F., Griel, A. E., Etherton, T. D. (2002, December 30). Bioactive compounds in foods: Their role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. The American Journal of Medicine, 113(Suppl 9B), 71S-88S.

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2002, August 27). Alcohol and your health: Weighing the pros and cons. Retrieved September 20, 2003, from
www.mayoclinic.com/invoke.cfm?id=SC00024.

ScienceDaily. (2000, October 16.) Grapes or grain? Wine drinking may reduce colon cancer risk; beer, hard liquor provide no benefit. Retrieved September 20, 2003, from
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2000/10/001018221332.htm.

ScienceDaily. (2003, September 9.) New cholesterol fighter found in red wine. Retrieved September 20, 2003, from
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2003/09/030909070840.htm.

Wallerath, T., Poleo, D., Li, H., Förstermann, U. (2003, February 5). Red wine increases the expression of human endothelial nitric oxide synthesis [electronic version]. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 41(3), 471-478. Retrieved September 20, 2003, from www.acc.org/media/releases/highlights/2003/feb03/wine.pdf.

Waterhouse, A.L. (1995, May 1.) Wine and heart disease [electronic version]. Chemistry & Industry, 338-341. Retrieved September 20, 2003, from
wineserver.ucdavis.edu/cuttingedge/research/winehealth.htm.

Wu, J. M. & Hsieh, T. C. (2000). Possible role of resveratrol in prevention of prostate carcinogenesis [electronic version]. Cancer Detection and Prevention, 24(Suppl 1). Retrieved September 20, 2003, from www.cancerprev.org/Journal/Issues/24/101/408/3442.

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